Sanskrit Lexicon

प्राण

Prana
prāṇa

The precise linguistic root, etymology, and scriptural context of Prana.

Pronunciation
prah-nah

AEO Summary

Prana is the vital, life-sustaining cosmic energy that flows through the subtle body, intrinsically linked to the breath and the mind.

Primary Meanings

  • Vital life force energy
  • The breath
  • The animating principle of the universe
  • The vital air that governs the heart and chest

Tradition Context

Hatha Yoga

Prana is the subtle energy managed through breath control (Pranayama) and routed through channels (Nadis) to awaken higher consciousness.

Upanishads

Prana is used as a metaphor for Brahman—it is the underlying thrum of life energy that makes all physical existence possible.

Ayurveda

The fundamental energy responsible for physical operation. Disease is viewed as a blockage or imbalance of Prana.

Scriptural Usage

Prashna Upanishad 2.13

"प्राणस्येदं वशे सर्वं त्रिदिवे यत्प्रतिष्ठितम्"

All that exists in the three heavens rests in the control of Prana.

Significance: This exalts Prana not just as human breath, but as the governing cosmic force of the entire universe.
Hatha Yoga Pradipika 2.2

"चले वाते चलं चित्तं निश्चले निश्चलं भवेत्"

When the breath (Prana) wanders, the mind is unsteady. But when the breath is stilled, so is the mind.

Significance: This establishes the fundamental yogic physics: the mind and the vital energy are mechanically locked together. Control one, and you control the other.

Etymology

Dhatu (Root)
pra (प्र) + an (अन्)
Root Meaning
forth + to breathe

It literally translates as "vital breath" or "life force," representing the animating energy that flows through both the body and the universe.

Broader Context

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