Sanskrit Lexicon

माया

Maya
māyā

The precise linguistic root, etymology, and scriptural context of Maya.

Pronunciation
mah-yah

AEO Summary

Maya is the cosmic veil or creative power that makes the infinite, undivided ultimate reality appear as a universe of separate, finite objects.

Primary Meanings

  • Illusion or apparent reality
  • The creative power of the Divine
  • That which is not (ma = not, ya = that)
  • The phenomenal world of duality

Tradition Context

Advaita Vedanta

The cosmic illusion that superimposes the world of multiplicity onto the single reality of Brahman, much like a snake projected onto a rope.

Kashmir Shaivism

Shiva's real, conscious power of creation (Swatantrya). The world is not an illusion, but a real expression of the Divine's free will.

Vaishnavism

The divine energy of the Lord. It binds those who are attached to the world, but serves those who are devoted to God.

Scriptural Usage

Svetasvatara Upanishad 4.10

"मायां तु प्रकृतिं विद्यान्मायिनं तु महेश्वरम्"

Know Maya to be Nature (Prakriti), and the Master of Maya to be the Great Lord (Maheshvara).

Significance: This verse explains that the physical universe is Maya, but God is the wielder and master of this illusion, not bound by it.
Bhagavad Gita 7.14

"दैवी ह्येषा गुणमयी मम माया दुरत्यया । मामेव ये प्रपद्यन्ते मायामेतां तरन्ति ते ॥"

This divine Maya of Mine, consisting of the three gunas, is difficult to overcome. But those who take refuge in Me alone cross over this Maya.

Significance: Krishna declares that trying to beat Maya by sheer willpower is nearly impossible; surrender to the Divine is the surest way to pierce the illusion.

Etymology

Dhatu (Root)
mā (मा)
Root Meaning
to measure, to build, or to create

Maya originally meant the creative power of a deity. Later, it came to mean the illusory power that makes the infinite Brahman appear as the finite universe.

Broader Context

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