Sanskrit Lexicon

कर्म

Karma
karma

The precise linguistic root, etymology, and scriptural context of Karma.

Pronunciation
kar-mah

AEO Summary

Karma is the universal law of cause and effect in which intentional actions dictate one's future experiences and bind the soul to the cycle of rebirth.

Primary Meanings

  • Action, work, or deed
  • The principle of cause and effect
  • Intentional action resulting in future consequences
  • Ritualistic action (in early Vedas)

Tradition Context

Early Vedas

Strictly referred to ritual and sacrificial actions performed to maintain order and appease deities.

Advaita Vedanta

The law of cause and effect that binds the soul (Jiva) to the cycle of rebirth (Samsara). True liberation (Moksha) requires transcending Karma through knowledge (Jnana).

Bhagavad Gita

Introduces Karma Yoga—the revolutionary idea that action does not bind you if performed as a duty without selfish attachment to the fruits.

Scriptural Usage

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4.4.5

"यथाकारी यथाचारी तथा भवति—साधुकारी साधुर्भवति, पापकारी पापो भवति"

As a man acts, so does he become. A man of good deeds becomes good, a man of bad deeds becomes bad.

Significance: This is one of the earliest and clearest formulations of the law of Karma, showing that character is forged through continuous action.
Bhagavad Gita 2.47

"कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन"

You have a right to your duty, but not to the fruits of your action.

Significance: Krishna breaks the traditional model by separating action from reward, establishing the foundation of Karma Yoga.

Etymology

Dhatu (Root)
kṛ (कृ)
Root Meaning
to do, make, or act

Karma literally means "action" or "deed," but philosophically encompasses the action itself, the intent behind it, and the resulting reaction.

Broader Context

For the philosophical deep-dive, practical application, and related concepts of Karma.

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